Indeed, scientific research and clinical practice demonstrate the value of continuing care in treating addiction, with a variety of approaches having been tested and integrated in residential and community settings. As we look toward the future, we will harness new research results on the influence of genetics and environment on gene function and expression i. These findings will be integrated with current evidence supporting the most effective drug abuse and addiction treatments and their implementation, which are reflected in this guide.
National Institutes of Health. Drug Topics. More Drug Topics. Quick Links. About NIDA. Drug addiction is a complex illness. Nora D. Volkow, M. National Institutes of Health.
Drug Topics. More Drug Topics. Quick Links. About NIDA. Addiction is a complex but treatable disease that affects brain function and behavior. This may explain why drug abusers are at risk for relapse even after long periods of abstinence and despite the potentially devastating consequences.
No single treatment is appropriate for everyone. Treatment varies depending on the type of drug and the characteristics of the patients. Treatment needs to be readily available. Because drug-addicted individuals may be uncertain about entering treatment, taking advantage of available services the moment people are ready for treatment is critical. Potential patients can be lost if treatment is not immediately available or readily accessible.
As with other chronic diseases, the earlier treatment is offered in the disease process, the greater the likelihood of positive outcomes. Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of the individual, not just his or her drug abuse. Remaining in treatment for an adequate period of time is critical. Research indicates that most addicted individuals need at least 3 months in treatment to significantly reduce or stop their drug use and that the best outcomes occur with longer durations of treatment.
Recovery from drug addiction is a long-term process and frequently requires multiple episodes of treatment. As with other chronic illnesses, relapses to drug abuse can occur and should signal a need for treatment to be reinstated or adjusted. Because individuals often leave treatment prematurely, programs should include strategies to engage and keep patients in treatment.
Behavioral therapies—including individual, family, or group counseling—are the most commonly used forms of drug abuse treatment. Also, participation in group therapy and other peer support programs during and following treatment can help maintain abstinence.
Medications are an important element of treatment for many patients, especially when combined with counseling and other behavioral therapies.
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